운영체제를 알아야 하는 이유
운영체제
시스템 자원 : 프로그램 실행에 필요한 요소들 ( CPU,메모리,입출력 장치 기타,네트워크 등등)
운영체제 : 프로그램이 실행되기 위해 필요한 자원들을 할당하고 올바르게 실행시키기 위해 돕는 특별한 프로그램
운영체제는 특별한 프로그램이기에 컴퓨터 부팅시 매모리내에 커널 영역이라 하는 공간에 따로 적재됨
그리고 이외의 다른 영역들은 응용프로그램이 동작하는 사용자 영역이라 부름
그림과 같이 응용프로그램들을 적당한 메모리 주소가 겹치지 않도록 적재해주면서 삭제하고 지속적으로 메모리 자원을 관리하는 역활을 함
운영체제를 알아야 하는 이유
운영체제는 사용자를 위한 프로그램 X , 프로그램을 위한 특별한 프로그램
운영체제가 제공하는 기능으로 인해서 개발자는 하드웨어를 조작하는 코드를 직접 작성할 필요가 없어짐
그러나 프로그램이 문제가 발생했을때 운영체제와 대화를 통해 하드웨어와 관련된 문제를 해결하고 프로그램의 문제 해결의 실마리를 찾을 수 있기 때문에 공부해야한다.
운영체제의 큰그림
운영체제의 심장 커널
커널(kernel): 운영체제의 핵심 서비스를 담당하는 부분
--자원에 접근하고 조작(관리),프로그램이 안전하고 올바르게 실행되게 함
커널에 속하지 않은 서비스 - 사용자 인터페이스 (운영체제가 제공함)
그래픽 유저 인터페이스 : 그래픽 기반으로 컴퓨터와 상호작용
커멘드 라인 인터페이스 : 명령어 기반으로 컴퓨터와 상호작용
이중 모드와 시스템 호출
사용자가 실행하는 일반 프로그램은 자원에 직접 접근이 가능할까? -- > 대답 : NO
직접 접근할경우 충돌이 발생 또는 의도치 않은 오류가 발생 할 수 있다.
따라서 응용프로그램이 동작할때 무조건 운영체제를 통해서 자원에 접근가능함
이중모드
이중 모드 : CPU가 명령어를 실행하는 모드를 사용자 모드와 커널 모드로 구분하는 방식
사용자 모드
운영체제 서비스를 제공받을 수 없는 실행 모드
커널 영역의 코드를 실행할 수 없음
자원접근 불가
커널 모드
운영체제 서비스를 제공받을 수 있는 실행 모드
자원접근을 비롯한 모든 명령어 실행 가능
시스템 호출
커널 모드로 전환하여 실행하기 위해 호출
일종의 소프트웨어 인터럽트
리눅스 시스템 호출표 - 접은글 참조
더보기
리눅스 시스템 호출 표
운영체제의 핵심 서비스
프로세스 관리
프로세스 : 실행 중인 프로그램
수많은 프로세스들이 동시에 실행됨 (사실 CPU가 빠르게 하나씩 동작하는것)
동시다발적으로 생성/실행/삭제 되는 다양한 프로세스들을 관리함
우분투 ps-ef명령어를 통해 프로세스 확인 접은글
더보기
우분투 ps -efl 명령어 --프로세스 확인
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME CMD
4 S root 1 0 0 80 0 - 41681 - 04:08 ? 00:00:02 /sbin/init splash
1 S root 2 0 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
1 I root 3 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
1 I root 4 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
1 I root 5 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [slub_flushwq]
1 I root 6 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [netns]
1 I root 8 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-events_highpri]
1 I root 11 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
1 I root 12 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_tasks_kthread]
1 I root 13 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_tasks_rude_kthread]
1 I root 14 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_tasks_trace_kthread]
1 S root 15 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
1 I root 16 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:26 [rcu_preempt]
1 S root 17 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
1 S root 18 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/0]
1 S root 19 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
5 S root 20 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/1]
1 S root 21 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/1]
1 S root 22 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/1]
1 S root 23 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
1 I root 25 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 26 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/2]
1 S root 27 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/2]
1 S root 28 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/2]
1 S root 29 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/2]
1 I root 31 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/2:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 32 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/3]
1 S root 33 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/3]
1 S root 34 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/3]
1 S root 35 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/3]
1 I root 37 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/3:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 38 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/4]
1 S root 39 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/4]
1 S root 40 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/4]
1 S root 41 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/4]
1 I root 43 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/4:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 44 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/5]
1 S root 45 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/5]
1 S root 46 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/5]
1 S root 47 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:30 [ksoftirqd/5]
1 I root 49 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/5:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 50 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/6]
1 S root 51 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/6]
1 S root 52 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/6]
1 S root 53 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/6]
1 I root 55 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/6:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 56 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/7]
1 S root 57 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/7]
1 S root 58 2 0 -40 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [migration/7]
1 S root 59 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/7]
1 I root 61 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/7:0H-events_highpri]
5 S root 62 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]
1 I root 63 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [inet_frag_wq]
1 S root 65 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kauditd]
1 S root 66 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [khungtaskd]
1 S root 67 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [oom_reaper]
1 I root 69 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [writeback]
1 S root 70 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:12 [kcompactd0]
1 S root 71 2 0 85 5 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ksmd]
1 S root 72 2 0 99 19 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [khugepaged]
1 I root 73 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kintegrityd]
1 I root 74 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kblockd]
1 I root 75 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
1 I root 77 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
1 I root 78 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ata_sff]
1 I root 79 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [md]
1 I root 80 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [md_bitmap]
1 I root 81 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [edac-poller]
1 I root 82 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [devfreq_wq]
1 S root 83 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [watchdogd]
1 I root 85 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/0:1H-events_highpri]
1 S root 86 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd0]
1 S root 87 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ecryptfs-kthread]
1 I root 89 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kthrotld]
1 S root 90 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [irq/122-aerdrv]
1 S root 91 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [irq/123-aerdrv]
1 I root 92 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [acpi_thermal_pm]
1 S root 94 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [hwrng]
1 I root 96 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [mld]
1 I root 97 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/2:1H-events_highpri]
1 I root 98 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ipv6_addrconf]
1 I root 105 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [kstrp]
1 I root 114 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [charger_manager]
1 I root 134 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/3:1H-events_highpri]
1 I root 137 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/1:1H-kblockd]
1 I root 150 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 [kworker/4:1H-kblockd]
1 I root 151 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/7:1H-events_highpri]
1 I root 152 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 [kworker/5:1H-kblockd]
1 I root 153 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 [kworker/6:1H-events_highpri]
1 S root 172 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_0]
1 I root 173 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_0]
1 S root 174 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_1]
1 I root 175 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_1]
1 S root 176 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_eh_2]
1 I root 177 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [scsi_tmf_2]
1 S root 183 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [irq/109-FTE1200:00]
1 I root 195 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:05 [kworker/1:2-events]
1 S root 201 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [spi0]
1 S root 223 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:06 [jbd2/sda3-8]
1 I root 224 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ext4-rsv-conver]
4 S root 264 1 0 79 -1 - 14181 - 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /lib/systemd/systemd-journald
4 S root 299 1 0 80 0 - 6745 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
1 I root 357 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [asus_wireless_w]
1 S root 366 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [irq/126-mei_me]
1 I root 383 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cfg80211]
1 S root 411 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:56 [irq/127-iwlwifi]
1 I root 422 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [led_workqueue]
1 I root 426 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [cryptd]
1 I root 512 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [ttm]
1 S root 513 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [nv_queue]
1 S root 514 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [nv_queue]
1 S root 515 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [card0-crtc0]
1 S root 516 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [card0-crtc1]
1 S root 517 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [card0-crtc2]
1 S root 563 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [nvidia-modeset/kthread_q]
1 S root 564 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [nvidia-modeset/deferred_close_kthread_q]
4 S systemd+ 568 1 0 80 0 - 3708 - 04:08 ? 00:01:04 /lib/systemd/systemd-oomd
4 S systemd+ 569 1 0 80 0 - 6483 - 04:08 ? 00:00:04 /lib/systemd/systemd-resolved
4 S systemd+ 570 1 0 80 0 - 22346 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-timesyncd
1 S root 628 2 0 9 - - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:31 [irq/130-nvidia]
1 S root 630 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [nvidia]
1 S root 631 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:26 [nv_queue]
4 S root 723 1 0 80 0 - 60482 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/accounts-daemon
4 S root 724 1 0 80 0 - 704 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/sbin/acpid
4 S avahi 727 1 0 80 0 - 1907 - 04:08 ? 00:00:01 avahi-daemon: running [han-X510UQR.local]
4 S root 728 1 0 80 0 - 2650 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
4 S root 729 1 0 80 0 - 2702 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cron -f -P
4 S message+ 731 1 0 80 0 - 2772 - 04:08 ? 00:00:05 @dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfil
4 S root 733 1 0 80 0 - 65801 - 04:08 ? 00:00:05 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
4 S root 740 1 0 80 0 - 20693 - 04:08 ? 00:00:04 /usr/sbin/irqbalance --foreground
4 S root 743 1 0 80 0 - 10581 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/networkd-dispatcher --run-startup-
4 S root 745 1 0 80 0 - 61230 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/libexec/polkitd --no-debug
4 S root 747 1 0 80 0 - 60421 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/power-profiles-daemon
4 S syslog 749 1 0 80 0 - 55601 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n -iNONE
4 S root 752 1 0 80 0 - 459159 - 04:08 ? 00:00:06 /usr/lib/snapd/snapd
4 S root 754 1 0 80 0 - 59487 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/switcheroo-control
4 S root 757 1 0 80 0 - 12067 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-logind
4 S root 760 1 0 80 0 - 69373 - 04:08 ? 00:00:13 /usr/sbin/thermald --systemd --dbus-enable --adaptive
4 S root 761 1 0 80 0 - 98298 - 04:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/libexec/udisks2/udisksd
4 S root 764 1 0 80 0 - 4425 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/wpa_supplicant -u -s -O /run/wpa_supplicant
1 S avahi 771 727 0 80 0 - 1861 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
4 S root 849 1 0 80 0 - 79492 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/ModemManager
4 S root 854 1 0 80 0 - 18451 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cupsd -l
4 S root 857 1 0 80 0 - 29867 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/share/unattended-upgrades/unattended-u
4 S root 883 1 0 80 0 - 60676 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/gdm3
1 S root 906 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [UVM global queue]
1 S root 907 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [UVM deferred release queue]
1 S root 908 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [UVM Tools Event Queue]
5 S nvidia-+ 923 1 0 80 0 - 1331 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/nvidia-persistenced --user nvidia-persistenced --no
4 S root 929 883 0 80 0 - 42981 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 gdm-session-worker [pam/gdm-autologin]
4 S han 940 1 0 80 0 - 4500 ep_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /lib/systemd/systemd --user
5 S han 941 940 0 80 0 - 42470 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 (sd-pam)
0 S han 950 940 0 69 -11 - 10291 ep_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/pipewire
0 S han 951 940 0 80 0 - 6232 ep_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/pipewire-media-session
0 S han 952 940 0 69 -11 - 375041 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:03:32 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --daemonize=no --log-target=journal
0 S han 955 940 0 80 0 - 288302 futex_ 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/ubuntu-report service
1 S han 959 1 0 80 0 - 97547 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --daemonize --login
4 S rtkit 968 1 0 81 1 - 38501 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
0 S han 998 940 0 80 0 - 2434 ep_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:05 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --session --address=systemd: --nofork -
4 S han 999 929 0 80 0 - 40982 do_pol 04:08 tty2 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session --run-script env GNOME_SHELL_SESS
4 S han 1001 999 4 80 0 - 2000636 ep_pol 04:08 tty2 00:19:45 /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm
4 S root 1011 1 0 80 0 - 60982 - 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/upowerd
0 S han 1015 940 0 80 0 - 60543 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd
0 S han 1021 940 0 80 0 - 95223 futex_ 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs -f
5 S root 1080 2 0 70 -10 - 0 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 [krfcommd]
0 S han 1126 940 0 80 0 - 153068 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/xdg-document-portal
0 S han 1130 940 0 99 - - 180513 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/libexec/tracker-miner-fs-3
0 S han 1131 940 0 80 0 - 59446 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/xdg-permission-store
4 S root 1137 1126 0 80 0 - 699 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 fusermount3 -o rw,nosuid,nodev,fsname=portal,auto_unmount,su
0 S han 1148 940 0 80 0 - 79435 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gvfs-udisks2-volume-monitor
0 S han 1165 940 0 80 0 - 59489 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-mtp-volume-monitor
0 S han 1171 940 0 80 0 - 59761 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
0 S han 1175 940 0 80 0 - 59731 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfs-goa-volume-monitor
0 S han 1179 940 0 80 0 - 163541 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:05 /usr/libexec/goa-daemon
0 S han 1190 940 0 80 0 - 85013 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/goa-identity-service
0 S han 1193 940 0 80 0 - 79183 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gvfs-afc-volume-monitor
0 S han 1314 940 0 80 0 - 60531 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/gnome-keyring-daemon --start --foreground --compone
0 S han 1323 999 0 80 0 - 56134 do_pol 04:08 tty2 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-session-binary --session=ubuntu
0 S han 1382 940 0 80 0 - 77442 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/at-spi-bus-launcher
0 S han 1392 1382 0 80 0 - 2141 ep_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:02 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --config-file=/usr/share/defaults/at-sp
0 S han 1402 940 0 80 0 - 40689 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:10 /usr/libexec/at-spi2-registryd --use-gnome-session
0 S han 1448 940 0 80 0 - 23305 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-session-ctl --monitor
0 S han 1459 940 0 80 0 - 111945 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:02 /usr/libexec/gnome-session-binary --systemd-service --sessio
0 S han 1485 940 4 80 0 - 1443111 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:21:06 /usr/bin/gnome-shell
4 S han 1542 940 0 80 0 - 19063 do_wai 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83/usr/bin/snapd-desktop-int
1 S han 1615 1542 0 80 0 - 76060 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /snap/snapd-desktop-integration/83/usr/bin/snapd-desktop-int
0 S han 1619 940 0 80 0 - 254664 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal
0 S han 1623 940 0 80 0 - 394679 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:06 /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gnome
0 S han 1646 940 0 80 0 - 199029 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gnome-shell-calendar-server
0 S han 1660 940 0 80 0 - 203925 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/evolution-source-registry
0 S han 1662 940 0 80 0 - 86110 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/xdg-desktop-portal-gtk
0 S han 1670 940 0 80 0 - 716846 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/gjs /usr/share/gnome-shell/org.gnome.ScreenSaver
0 S han 1684 940 0 80 0 - 39274 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/dconf-service
0 S han 1688 940 0 80 0 - 41185 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-metadata
0 S han 1697 940 0 80 0 - 401948 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:03 /usr/libexec/evolution-calendar-factory
4 S root 1700 1 0 80 0 - 93664 - 04:08 ? 00:00:07 /usr/libexec/packagekitd
0 S han 1726 940 0 80 0 - 168506 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/evolution-addressbook-factory
4 S clamav 1739 1 0 80 0 - 14780 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/freshclam -d --foreground=true
4 S root 1742 1 0 80 0 - 43157 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/cups-browsed
1 S kernoops 1747 1 0 80 0 - 3272 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/kerneloops --test
1 S kernoops 1755 1 0 80 0 - 3272 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/kerneloops
0 S han 1771 940 0 80 0 - 716824 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/gjs /usr/share/gnome-shell/org.gnome.Shell.Notifica
0 S han 1773 1015 0 80 0 - 79104 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd-trash --spawner :1.5 /org/gtk/gvfs/exec_s
0 S han 1806 940 0 80 0 - 723 do_wai 04:08 ? 00:00:00 sh -c /usr/bin/ibus-daemon --panel disable $([ "$XDG_SESSION
0 S han 1807 940 0 80 0 - 78039 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-a11y-settings
0 S han 1809 1806 0 80 0 - 79283 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:02:30 /usr/bin/ibus-daemon --panel disable --xim
0 S han 1810 940 0 80 0 - 188881 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gsd-color
0 S han 1812 940 0 80 0 - 94295 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-datetime
0 S han 1813 940 0 80 0 - 78442 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gsd-housekeeping
0 S han 1815 940 0 80 0 - 85778 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-keyboard
0 S han 1818 940 0 80 0 - 216824 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:02 /usr/libexec/gsd-media-keys
0 S han 1820 940 0 80 0 - 113325 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gsd-power
0 S han 1822 940 0 80 0 - 62852 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-print-notifications
0 S han 1823 940 0 80 0 - 114852 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-rfkill
0 S han 1826 940 0 80 0 - 59460 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-screensaver-proxy
0 S han 1827 940 0 80 0 - 116913 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:02 /usr/libexec/gsd-sharing
0 S han 1829 940 0 80 0 - 96940 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-smartcard
0 S han 1830 940 0 80 0 - 80267 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-sound
0 S han 1831 940 0 80 0 - 85849 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-wacom
0 S han 1833 940 0 80 0 - 86266 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:01 /usr/libexec/gsd-xsettings
0 S han 1853 1459 0 80 0 - 249248 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/evolution-data-server/evolution-alarm-notify
0 S han 1867 1459 0 80 0 - 58067 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-disk-utility-notify
0 S han 1906 1809 0 80 0 - 41279 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/ibus-memconf
0 S han 1907 1809 0 80 0 - 68538 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:41 /usr/libexec/ibus-extension-gtk3
0 S han 1910 940 0 80 0 - 48935 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/ibus-x11 --kill-daemon
0 S han 1917 940 0 80 0 - 59717 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/ibus-portal
4 S han 1922 940 0 80 0 - 216172 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:07 /snap/snap-store/959/usr/bin/snap-store --gapplication-servi
4 S colord 1970 1 0 80 0 - 61755 - 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/colord
0 S han 2006 940 0 80 0 - 85977 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/gsd-printer
0 S han 2098 1809 0 80 0 - 60053 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:37 /usr/libexec/ibus-engine-hangul --ibus
0 S han 2238 1485 0 80 0 - 790510 do_pol 04:08 ? 00:00:15 gjs /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/ding@rastersoft.com/di
4 S han 3846 1485 6 80 0 - 8627979 do_pol 04:09 ? 00:26:43 /opt/google/chrome/chrome
0 S han 3851 3846 0 80 0 - 2456 pipe_r 04:09 ? 00:00:00 cat
0 S han 3852 3846 0 80 0 - 2456 pipe_r 04:09 ? 00:00:00 cat
0 S han 3854 940 0 80 0 - 8394254 ep_pol 04:09 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_crashpad_handler --monitor-self --
0 S han 3856 940 0 80 0 - 8391945 ep_pol 04:09 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome_crashpad_handler --no-periodic-tas
0 S han 3862 3846 0 80 0 - 8480858 do_pol 04:09 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=zygote --no-zygote-sandbox
4 S han 3863 3846 0 80 0 - 8480856 do_wai 04:09 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=zygote --crashpad-handler-p
5 S han 3865 3863 0 80 0 - 8480863 do_pol 04:09 ? 00:00:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=zygote --crashpad-handler-p
1 S han 3896 3862 9 80 0 - 8613824 do_pol 04:09 ? 00:42:06 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=gpu-process --crashpad-hand
0 S han 3898 3846 1 80 0 - 8489612 futex_ 04:09 ? 00:07:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=utility --utility-sub-type=
1 S han 3908 3865 0 80 0 - 8495850 futex_ 04:09 ? 00:00:12 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=utility --utility-sub-type=
1 S han 4031 3865 0 80 0 - 296571865 futex_ 04:09 ? 00:02:01 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 4082 3865 2 80 0 - 296599496 futex_ 04:09 ? 00:11:31 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
0 S han 4228 1459 0 80 0 - 133050 do_pol 04:09 ? 00:00:01 update-notifier
0 S han 5007 3846 0 80 0 - 8616047 futex_ 04:16 ? 00:01:16 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=utility --utility-sub-type=
1 S han 14701 3865 7 80 0 - 297144700 futex_ 07:56 ? 00:16:54 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
0 S han 15067 940 0 80 0 - 268548 do_pol 07:59 ? 00:00:37 /usr/bin/gedit --gapplication-service
1 I root 37071 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 09:25 ? 00:00:05 [kworker/u17:3-rb_allocator]
1 I root 37503 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 09:31 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/4:1-events]
1 I root 37609 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 09:33 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:1-cgroup_destroy]
1 I root 39234 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 09:56 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/3:0-events]
1 I root 39342 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 09:59 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/u16:0-events_unbound]
1 I root 40240 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 10:17 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/7:1-events]
1 I root 40611 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 10:30 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/u16:1-flush-8:0]
1 D root 41326 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 10:54 ? 00:00:05 [kworker/u17:1+i915_flip]
1 S han 41577 3865 0 80 0 - 296560896 futex_ 10:57 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 I root 41693 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 10:57 ? 00:00:06 [kworker/5:2-i915-unordered]
1 I root 41861 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:04 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/3:1-i915-unordered]
1 S han 42236 3865 0 80 0 - 296593357 futex_ 11:11 ? 00:00:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 I root 42274 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:12 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:2-mm_percpu_wq]
1 S han 42342 3865 0 80 0 - 296560787 futex_ 11:15 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42364 3865 3 80 0 - 296581842 futex_ 11:15 ? 00:00:39 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 I root 42476 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:17 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/4:2-events]
1 I root 42489 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:17 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/2:2-events]
1 I root 42534 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:18 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/6:1-events]
1 I root 42552 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:18 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u16:3-events_unbound]
1 I root 42587 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 11:20 ? 00:00:01 [kworker/u17:0-rb_allocator]
1 I root 42588 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:20 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:1]
1 S han 42615 3865 0 80 0 - 296572869 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42629 3865 0 80 0 - 296580620 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42642 3865 0 80 0 - 296584279 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:05 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42651 3865 0 80 0 - 296591330 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42664 3865 0 80 0 - 296560785 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42680 3865 0 80 0 - 296561187 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 42689 3865 0 80 0 - 296575597 futex_ 11:21 ? 00:00:03 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 I root 42745 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:22 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/7:2-mm_percpu_wq]
1 I root 42757 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:22 ? 00:00:02 [kworker/5:1-i915-unordered]
1 I root 42772 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:24 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/2:0]
1 I root 42795 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:24 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/6:0-events]
1 I root 42868 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:29 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u16:2-events_unbound]
1 I root 42893 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:30 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/5:0-i915-unordered]
1 S han 42906 3865 0 80 0 - 297096096 futex_ 11:30 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 I root 42933 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:31 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0]
1 I root 42972 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:31 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/7:0]
1 D root 42979 2 0 60 -20 - 0 - 11:32 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u17:2+i915_flip]
4 R han 42981 1485 2 80 0 - 196481 - 11:32 ? 00:00:01 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/terminator
0 S han 43014 42981 0 80 0 - 4342 do_wai 11:32 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
1 S han 43234 3865 0 80 0 - 10588616 futex_ 11:32 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=utility --utility-sub-type=
1 I root 43266 2 0 80 0 - 0 - 11:32 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:0]
1 S han 43268 3865 7 80 0 - 296586386 futex_ 11:33 ? 00:00:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 43296 3865 10 80 0 - 296589396 futex_ 11:33 ? 00:00:02 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
1 S han 43306 3865 0 80 0 - 296552589 futex_ 11:33 ? 00:00:00 /opt/google/chrome/chrome --type=renderer --crashpad-handler
4 R han 43325 43014 0 80 0 - 3516 - 11:33 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -efl자원 접근 및 할당
운영체제는 프로세스들이 사용할 자원에 접근하고 조작함으로써 프로세스에 필요한 자원을 할당해줌
CPU : 어떤 프로세스부터 먼저, 얼마나 오래 이용하게 할 것인지 결정 (CPU스케줄링)
메모리 : 운영체제는 새로운 프로세스가 적재될 때 마다 어느 주소에 적재해야 할지를 결정 (페이징,스와핑, ...)
입출력장치 : 인터럽트 서비스 루틴은 운영체제가 제공하는 기능으로 커널 영역에 적재되어 인터럽트를 제공
파일 시스템관리
관련된 정보를 파일이라는 단위로 저장장치에 보관
파일들을 묶어 폴더(디렉터리) 단위로 저장 장치에 보관
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